Calculate percentages in any direction — what is X% of Y, what percentage is X of Y, and percentage change.
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How This Works
Percentage of: result = (percentage ÷ 100) × number. What percentage: result = (part ÷ whole) × 100. Percentage change: ((new − old) ÷ old) × 100. Increase by %: original × (1 + percentage/100). Decrease by %: original × (1 − percentage/100).
A percentage point is the arithmetic difference between two percentages. If interest rates rise from 3% to 4%, that is 1 percentage point — but a 33.3% increase. This distinction is crucial: if a party's vote share rises from 20% to 25%, they gained 5 percentage points (+5pp) but a 25% increase in their share. Politicians and media often conflate these — always check which is meant.